Homeland Security News 国土安全部新闻

Congress has repeatedly shown interest in examining and expanding the barriers being deployed along the US international land border.美国国会曾多次表示有兴趣在审查和扩大的障碍被部署在美国的国际陆地边界。 The 109th Congress passed a number of laws affecting these barriers, and oversight of these laws and of the construction process may be of interest to the 110th Congress.第109届国会通过了一系列法律影响这些障碍，并监督这些法律和建设过程中可能会感兴趣的第110届国会。

Full text of the report is available here 报告全文可在这里

The United States Border Patrol (USBP) deploys fencing, which aims to impede the illegal entry of individuals, and vehicle barriers, which aim to impede the illegal entry of vehicles (but not individuals) along the border.美国边境巡逻队（ USBP ）部署击剑，其目的是阻止非法入境的个人，以及车辆的障碍，其目的是阻止非法入境的车辆（但不是个人）沿边界。 The USBP first began erecting barriers in 1990 to deter illegal entries and drug smuggling in its San Diego sector.该USBP开始设置路障在1990年以阻止非法入境，走私毒品在其圣地亚哥部门。 The ensuing 14 mile-long San Diego “primary fence” formed part of the USBP’s “Prevention Through Deterrence” strategy, which called for reducing unauthorized migration by placing agents and resources directly on the border along population centers in order to deter would-be migrants from entering the country.随后14英里长圣地亚哥“主要围栏”的组成部分USBP的“防止通过威慑”战略，其中要求减少擅自迁移配售代理和资源直接在边境沿线人口中心，以遏制可能移民进入该国。 In 1996, Congress passed the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act which, among other things, explicitly gave the Attorney General (now the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security) broad authority to construct barriers along the border and authorized the construction of a secondary layer of fencing to buttress the completed 14 mile primary fence.在1996年，美国国会通过的非法移民改革和移民责任法，其中除其他外，明确了总检察长（现为秘书长的国土安全部）广泛的权力建造的障碍沿边界，并授权建造一个中学层的击剑，以支持完成一四英里小学围墙。 Construction of the secondary fence stalled due to environmental concerns raised by the California Coastal Commission.建设围栏停顿中学由于环境问题所提出的加利福尼亚州海岸委员会。 In 2005, Congress passed the REAL ID Act that authorized the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to waive all legal requirements in order to expedite the construction of border barriers.在2005年，美国国会通过的真实身份法案授权秘书长的国土安全部（国土安全部）放弃所有的法律要求，以加快建设边境壁垒。 DHS has announced it will use this waiver authority to complete the San Diego fence.美国国土安全部宣布，将放弃使用这个权力来完成圣地亚哥围栏。 The Secure Fence Act of 2006 directed DHS to construct 850 miles of additional border fencing.安全围栏法针对美国国土安全部2006年建造850英里额外边界围栏。 This requirement was subsequently modified by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (PL 110-161), which was enacted into law on December 26, 2007.这一要求后来修改了综合拨款法案， 2008年（特等110-161 ） ，这是通过成为法律于12月26日， 2007年。 The Act requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to construct fencing along not less than 700 miles of the southwest border.该法案要求秘书长国土安全围栏建设沿不少于700英里的西南边陲。

While the San Diego fence, combined with an increase in agents and other resources in the USBP’s San Diego sector, has proven effective in reducing the number of apprehensions made in that sector, there is considerable evidence that the flow of illegal immigration has adapted to this enforcement posture and has shifted to the more remote areas of the Arizona desert.虽然圣地亚哥围栏，再加上增加了代理商和其他资源USBP的圣地亚哥部门，已被证明有效地减少了一些顾虑在这方面取得部门，有相当多的证据表明，流动的非法移民已适应这一执法姿态和已转移到较偏远地区的亚利桑那沙漠。 Nationally, the USBP made 1.2 million apprehensions in 1992 and again in 2004, suggesting that the increased enforcement in San Diego sector has had little impact on overall apprehensions.在全国范围内， USBP了120万美元的忧虑，并于1992年再次在2004年，这表明提高执法在圣迭戈部门已几乎没有影响整体的忧虑。 In addition to border fencing, the USBP deploys both permanent and temporary vehicle barriers to the border.除了边界击剑， USBP部署的常任理事国和临时车辆路障的边界。 Temporary vehicle barriers are typically chained together and can be moved to different locations at the USBP’s discretion.临时车辆的障碍通常是拴在一起，可以移动到不同的位置上USBP的自由裁量权。 Permanent vehicle barriers are embedded in the ground and are meant to remain in one location.常驻车辆障碍是嵌在地上，是为了留在自己的位置。

A number of policy issues concerning border barriers generally and fencing specifically may be of interest to Congress, including, but not limited, to their effectiveness, costs versus benefits, location, design, environmental impact, potential diplomatic ramifications, and the costs of acquiring the land needed for construction.若干政策问题的边界壁垒普遍和击剑特别是可能感兴趣的国会，包括但不限，其有效性，成本与效益，选址，设计，环境影响，潜在的外交影响，以及成本获取所需的土地建设。