Homeland Security News Domovinske sigurnosti Novosti

Congress has repeatedly shown interest in examining and expanding the barriers being deployed along the US international land border. Kongres je u više navrata pokazala interes za proučavanjem i širenju prepreke se primjenjivati uz SAD zemlja međunarodne granice. The 109th Congress passed a number of laws affecting these barriers, and oversight of these laws and of the construction process may be of interest to the 110th Congress. U 109. kongresa prošli niz zakona koji utječu na ove prepreke, a nadzor nad ovim zakonima i izgradnja procesa svibanj biti od interesa za 110. kongres.

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The United States Border Patrol (USBP) deploys fencing, which aims to impede the illegal entry of individuals, and vehicle barriers, which aim to impede the illegal entry of vehicles (but not individuals) along the border. Sjedinjene Države Border Patrol (USBP) deploys mačevanje, koja ima za cilj spriječiti ilegalnog ulaska osoba, vozila i prepreka, koje imaju za cilj spriječiti ilegalnog ulaska vozila (ali ne i fizičke osobe) uz granicu. The USBP first began erecting barriers in 1990 to deter illegal entries and drug smuggling in its San Diego sector. Na prvi USBP počeo podizanju prepreke u 1990 da ilegalne zadržavati unose droge i krijumčarenje u San Diego sektora. The ensuing 14 mile-long San Diego “primary fence” formed part of the USBP’s “Prevention Through Deterrence” strategy, which called for reducing unauthorized migration by placing agents and resources directly on the border along population centers in order to deter would-be migrants from entering the country. U proizašle 14 milja duga-San Diego "primarni ograda" formirao dio je USBP-a "Prevencija Kroz zastrašivanje" strategije, koja se zove za smanjenje neovlaštene migracija stavljanjem sredstva i sredstva izravno na granici uz stanovništva centara kako bi odvratile bi - biti migranata od ulaska u zemlju. In 1996, Congress passed the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act which, among other things, explicitly gave the Attorney General (now the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security) broad authority to construct barriers along the border and authorized the construction of a secondary layer of fencing to buttress the completed 14 mile primary fence. U 1996, Kongresni položio je ilegalna imigracija Reforma i Useljenik Zakon o odgovornosti koja je, između ostalog, izrijekom dao pravobraniteljstvu Bosne i Hercegovine (sada tajnik Odjela Domovinskog Sigurnost) široka ovlaštenja da izgradnja barijera uz granicu i ovlašteni izgradnju sekundarni sloj za mačevanje luk završen je 14 milja primarnih ograda. Construction of the secondary fence stalled due to environmental concerns raised by the California Coastal Commission. Izgradnja sekundarnog ograda stalled zbog zabrinutosti za okoliš od strane Komisije u Kaliforniji priobalje. In 2005, Congress passed the REAL ID Act that authorized the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to waive all legal requirements in order to expedite the construction of border barriers. U 2005, Kongresni prošao Real ID zakona koji ovlašteni tajnik Odjela domovinske sigurnosti (DHS) odreći se svih pravnih zahtjeva kako bi ubrzali izgradnju graničnih barijera. DHS has announced it will use this waiver authority to complete the San Diego fence. DHS je najavio da će koristiti ovaj odricanje autoriteta za dovršetak San Diego ograda. The Secure Fence Act of 2006 directed DHS to construct 850 miles of additional border fencing. Sigurne Ograda zakona od 2006 usmjerena na DHS izgraditi dodatnih 850 milja granice mačevanje. This requirement was subsequently modified by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (PL 110-161), which was enacted into law on December 26, 2007. Ovaj zahtjev je naknadno izmijenjene su konsolidirani Appropriations akt, 2008 (PL 110-161), koji je bio na snazi u Zakonu o 26. prosinca 2007. The Act requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to construct fencing along not less than 700 miles of the southwest border. Ovim se Zakonom zahtijeva tajnika domovinske sigurnosti konstrukt uz mačevanje ne manje od 700 milja jugozapadno od granice.

While the San Diego fence, combined with an increase in agents and other resources in the USBP’s San Diego sector, has proven effective in reducing the number of apprehensions made in that sector, there is considerable evidence that the flow of illegal immigration has adapted to this enforcement posture and has shifted to the more remote areas of the Arizona desert. Dok je San Diego ograda, u kombinaciji s povećanjem sredstva i druge resurse u San Diego je USBP sektora, dokazano je učinkovit u smanjivanju broja apprehensions su u tom sektoru, postoje dokazi da je znatan protok ilegalne imigracije je prilagođen da ovaj provedbenih držanje i pomaknuo na više udaljenih područja od pustinja Arizona. Nationally, the USBP made 1.2 million apprehensions in 1992 and again in 2004, suggesting that the increased enforcement in San Diego sector has had little impact on overall apprehensions. Nacionalno, je USBP od 1,2 milijuna apprehensions u 1992 i ponovo u 2004, predlaganjem da se povećao za provedbu u San Diego sektor ima mali utjecaj na ukupnu apprehensions. In addition to border fencing, the USBP deploys both permanent and temporary vehicle barriers to the border. Osim toga na granici mačevanje, je USBP deploys oba Stalna i privremena vozila prepreke na granici. Temporary vehicle barriers are typically chained together and can be moved to different locations at the USBP’s discretion. Vozila privremenom prepreke su obično ulancane i može se premjestiti na različitim lokacijama u USBP's nahođenju. Permanent vehicle barriers are embedded in the ground and are meant to remain in one location. Stalni vozila prepreke su smjesteni u prizemlju i značili su da ostanu na jednoj lokaciji.

A number of policy issues concerning border barriers generally and fencing specifically may be of interest to Congress, including, but not limited, to their effectiveness, costs versus benefits, location, design, environmental impact, potential diplomatic ramifications, and the costs of acquiring the land needed for construction. Više granicu politika pitanja vezana općenito i zapreke mačevanje posebno svibanj biti od interesa za Kongres, uključujući, ali ne ograničavajući se, na njihovu djelotvornost, troškove u odnosu na koristi, lokacija, dizajn, utjecaj na okoliš, potencijal diplomatskim ramifications, i troškovi stjecanja i zemljište potrebno za izgradnju.