Homeland Security News Homeland Security News

Congress has repeatedly shown interest in examining and expanding the barriers being deployed along the US international land border. Kongressen har gentagne gange vist interesse i at undersøge og udvide de barrierer blive etableret langs den amerikanske internationale landegrænse. The 109th Congress passed a number of laws affecting these barriers, and oversight of these laws and of the construction process may be of interest to the 110th Congress. Den 109th Kongressen vedtaget en række love, der påvirker disse hindringer, og tilsyn med disse love og i byggeprocessen kan være af interesse for 110th Congress.

Full text of the report is available here Fulde ordlyd af rapporten kan ses her

The United States Border Patrol (USBP) deploys fencing, which aims to impede the illegal entry of individuals, and vehicle barriers, which aim to impede the illegal entry of vehicles (but not individuals) along the border. USA Border Patrol (USBP) installer hegn, der har til formål at hindre ulovlig indrejse af personer, og køretøjet hindringer, som har til formål at hindre ulovlig indrejse af køretøjer (men ikke enkeltpersoner) langs grænsen. The USBP first began erecting barriers in 1990 to deter illegal entries and drug smuggling in its San Diego sector. Den USBP først begyndte indføre hindringer i 1990 for at hindre ulovlig indrejse og narkotikasmugling i San Diego sektor. The ensuing 14 mile-long San Diego “primary fence” formed part of the USBP’s “Prevention Through Deterrence” strategy, which called for reducing unauthorized migration by placing agents and resources directly on the border along population centers in order to deter would-be migrants from entering the country. Den efterfølgende 14 mile-lange San Diego "primære hegnet", der blev dannet en del af USBP's "forebyggelse gennem afskrækkelse" strategi, som opfordrede til at reducere ulovlig indvandring ved at placere midler og ressourcer direkte på grænsen langs befolkning center med henblik på at afskrække vil - være indvandrere i at komme ind i landet. In 1996, Congress passed the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act which, among other things, explicitly gave the Attorney General (now the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security) broad authority to construct barriers along the border and authorized the construction of a secondary layer of fencing to buttress the completed 14 mile primary fence. I 1996, Kongres bestået Illegal Immigration Reform og indvandrerkvinder Ansvar lov, der blandt andet udtrykkeligt gav Attorney General (nu sekretæren for Department of Homeland Security) bred myndighed til at bygge barrierer langs grænsen og givet tilladelse til opførelse af et sekundært lag af hegn til stttepille den udfyldte 14 mile primære hegnet. Construction of the secondary fence stalled due to environmental concerns raised by the California Coastal Commission. Opførelse af den sekundære hegnet gået i stå på grund af miljømæssige bekymringer, som de Californien Coastal Kommissionen. In 2005, Congress passed the REAL ID Act that authorized the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to waive all legal requirements in order to expedite the construction of border barriers. I 2005, Kongres bestået REAL ID loven, at tilladelse til sekretæren for Department of Homeland Security (DHS) at ophæve alle juridiske krav med henblik på at fremskynde opbygningen af grænserne barrierer. DHS has announced it will use this waiver authority to complete the San Diego fence. DHS har bebudet, at den vil bruge denne mulighed myndighed for at fuldføre San Diego hegnet. The Secure Fence Act of 2006 directed DHS to construct 850 miles of additional border fencing. Secure Fence Act af 2006 rettet DHS til at opføre 850 miles af yderligere grænsen hegn. This requirement was subsequently modified by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (PL 110-161), which was enacted into law on December 26, 2007. Dette krav blev senere ændret af Konsoliderede Bevillinger Act, 2008 (PL 110-161), som blev vedtaget i loven om den 26 december 2007. The Act requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to construct fencing along not less than 700 miles of the southwest border. Loven kræver, at Secretary of Homeland Security til at bygge hegn langs ikke mindre end 700 miles i den sydvestlige grænse.

While the San Diego fence, combined with an increase in agents and other resources in the USBP’s San Diego sector, has proven effective in reducing the number of apprehensions made in that sector, there is considerable evidence that the flow of illegal immigration has adapted to this enforcement posture and has shifted to the more remote areas of the Arizona desert. Mens San Diego hegnet, kombineret med en forøgelse af agenter og andre ressourcer i USBP's San Diego sektor, har vist sig effektiv til at reducere antallet af frygt, der i denne sektor, der er betydelig dokumentation for, at strømmen af illegale indvandring har tilpasset til denne håndhævelse arbejdsstillinger og er flyttet til de mere fjerntliggende områder i Arizona ørkenen. Nationally, the USBP made 1.2 million apprehensions in 1992 and again in 2004, suggesting that the increased enforcement in San Diego sector has had little impact on overall apprehensions. Nationalt, de USBP foretaget 1.2 millioner ængstelse i 1992 og igen i 2004, hvilket tyder på, at en øget kontrol i San Diego sektor har haft lidt indvirkning på den overordnede ængstelse. In addition to border fencing, the USBP deploys both permanent and temporary vehicle barriers to the border. Ud over grænsen indhegning, de USBP installer både permanent og midlertidig køretøj hindringer for grænsen. Temporary vehicle barriers are typically chained together and can be moved to different locations at the USBP’s discretion. Midlertidig køretøj barrierer er typisk lænket sammen og kan flyttes til forskellige steder på USBP skøn. Permanent vehicle barriers are embedded in the ground and are meant to remain in one location. Faste køretøj barrierer er indlejret i jorden og er ment til at forblive i en position.

A number of policy issues concerning border barriers generally and fencing specifically may be of interest to Congress, including, but not limited, to their effectiveness, costs versus benefits, location, design, environmental impact, potential diplomatic ramifications, and the costs of acquiring the land needed for construction. En række politiske spørgsmål vedrørende grænseoverskridende hindringer generelt og hegn specifikt kan være af interesse for kongressen, herunder men ikke begrænset til deres effektivitet, omkostninger og fordele, placering, udformning, miljøpåvirkning, potentielle diplomatiske forgreninger, og omkostningerne ved at erhverve grunde, der er nødvendige for opførelsen.